Lead Contamination of Family Members of Boat-caulkers
نویسندگان
چکیده
Powdered lead oxide (Pb3O4) is used in the wooden-boat repair industry as a constituent of the caulking material. This study compared skin lead of household members of caulkers’ and control homes, and examined the relationship of household member’s skin lead with household floor lead loading (FLL) and dust lead content (DLC). FLL and DLC were measured in 67 caulkers’ houses and 46 nearby houses with no known lead exposure. In each household, wipe specimens of skin lead were obtained from one selected family member. Hand lead loading (HdLL) and foot lead loading (FtLL) were significantly higher in family members of caulkers than controls (geometric mean 64.4 vs. 36.2 μg m–2; p=0.002 and 77.8 vs 43.8 μg m–2; p=0.002, respectively). This pattern mirrored FLL and DLC, which were also higher in caulkers’ than in control houses (geometric mean 109.9 vs. 40.1 μg m–2; p<0.001 and 434.8 vs 80.8 μg g–1; p<0.001, respectively). Multiple linear regression modelling revealed FLL to be a better predictor than DLC for HdLL in all age groups and for FtLL in adult family members. In conclusion, skin lead levels are elevated in family members living in a lead-exposed worker’s house and are related to the levels of household lead contamination.
منابع مشابه
Abstract: Relative Contribution of Potential Modes of Surface Dust Lead Contamination in the Homes
Lead contamination in the shipbuilding and ship repair industries has resulted from the use of leadbased paint and from welding processes. Previous studies have shown that workers involved in these tasks are especially prone to increased blood lead concentrations. The repair of wooden boats in Thailand also involves the use of lead but in the form of powdered lead oxide (Pb 3 O 4 , plumboplumbi...
متن کاملExposure to lead of boatyard workers in southern Thailand.
Lead oxide is used extensively in the construction and repair of wooden boats in Thailand, but the behaviors of boatyard workers that could place them at risk of contamination have not previously been documented. Baseline data on practices and behaviors of boatyard workers and on the level of worker and workplace contamination with lead were therefore collected. Fifty workers in two boatyards p...
متن کاملThe concentration of Lead and Nickel in the sediment and root and leaves of Rhizophora mucronata in Khore Azini international wetland, Iran
The Ciric and Khore Azini international wetland is the only unique habitat of Rizophora mucronata in Iran. Due to the limited access and difficulty of sampling, a study has not been done about the amount of heavy metal contamination in the plant community in this region. For this purpose, in 2016, 27 sediments, leaves and roots were sampled from 9 stations with three replications at each statio...
متن کاملهمراهی سطح سرب خون ساکنین شهر اراک با سندرومهای بالینی
Background: The presence of lead in the industrial fumes, sewage, and also in industrial paints, ceramic, and printing materials, make this element as one of the most common environmental contaminant. Lead can enter the body through respiratory and digestive tracts as well as through the skin and with progressive accumulation can have a destructive effect on several organs in the human body. Bl...
متن کاملبررسی عوامل مرتبط با اضطراب خانوادهی بیماران بستری در بخش مراقبت ویژه
Background and Objective: Hospitalization of a family member especially in the intensive care units (ICUs) is a crisis that can cause anxiety in the whole family. The present study was conducted to determine some effective factors that can lead to anxiety in families of patients hospitalized in Rasht ICUs in 2006. Materials and Methods: In this cross–sectional study 218 family members of 130 in...
متن کامل